Understanding the Latest Security Vulnerabilities and How to Remediate Them
Cybersecurity is a moving target. Each month, new Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) are disclosed that impact widely used software, hardware, and cloud systems. September 2025 has been a particularly heavy month for high-severity vulnerabilities, including multiple CVSS 9.8–10.0 issues that allow remote code execution, authentication bypass, and arbitrary file uploads.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the most critical CVEs disclosed in September 2025, with details on what is affected, simplified summaries of the impact, and remediation guidance.
Table of Critical CVEs – September 2025
| Details | Simplified Summary | Remediation |
|---|---|---|
| CVE-2025-7775 – Citrix NetScaler ADC/Gateway (CVSS 9.8) – NVD Reference | Memory overflow bug allows remote code execution (RCE) or denial of service (DoS) when IPv6 is enabled. | Apply Citrix security update CTX694938. |
| CVE-2025-57819 – Sangoma FreePBX (CVSS 9.8) – NVD Reference | Improper input sanitization allows unauthenticated attackers to gain remote code execution. | Update to FreePBX version 15.0.66, 16.0.89, or 17.0.3. |
| CVE-2025-41702 – egOS WebGUI (CVSS 9.8) – NVD Reference | Exposed JWT secret enables attackers to forge authentication tokens and bypass login. | Apply the vendor patch listed in CERT-VDE advisory. |
| CVE-2025-25734 / 25736 / 25737 – Kapsch TrafficCom RSUs (CVSS 9.8) – CVE-25734, CVE-25736, CVE-25737 | Multiple flaws in roadside units (EFI shell access, root shell bypass, weak BIOS passwords) allow full system compromise. | Vendor firmware updates required; check Kapsch advisories. |
| CVE-2025-0074 / 0075 / 22403 / 22408 – Google Android Bluetooth Stack (CVSS 9.8) – Android Security Bulletin | Bluetooth vulnerabilities enable remote code execution without user interaction. | Apply the official March 2025 Android security patch. |
| CVE-2025-9523 / 9605 – Tenda Routers (AC1206, AC21, AC23) (CVSS 9.8) – CVE-9523, CVE-9605 | Buffer overflow in parental control function allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code. | No official patch available. Mitigate by disabling parental controls and isolating the device on the network. |
| CVE-2025-49387 – Elementor Forms Add-on for WordPress (CVSS 10.0) – NVD Reference | Arbitrary file upload vulnerability can be exploited to install web shells and take control of the site. | Update the plugin to version 1.5.4 or later. |
| CVE-2025-31100 – Mojoomla School Management for WordPress (CVSS 9.9) – NVD Reference | File upload flaw allows attackers to compromise the server by uploading malicious files. | Update to version 1.93.1 or later (released July 2, 2025). |
CVE Breakdown and Security Implications
CVE-2025-7775 – Citrix NetScaler ADC/Gateway
This vulnerability impacts Citrix NetScaler appliances when IPv6 is in use. An attacker could exploit a memory overflow condition to trigger remote code execution or denial of service. Because Citrix appliances often sit at the edge of networks, this flaw poses a severe risk to enterprises.
Action: Administrators should immediately apply the Citrix update provided in CTX694938.
CVE-2025-57819 – Sangoma FreePBX
FreePBX is widely used in VoIP deployments. This flaw arises from improper input sanitization and allows attackers to gain remote code execution without authentication. Exploiting this could enable full compromise of a PBX server.
Action: Upgrade to the latest FreePBX versions (15.0.66, 16.0.89, or 17.0.3).
CVE-2025-41702 – egOS WebGUI
This vulnerability exposes JWT secrets, making it possible for attackers to forge tokens and bypass authentication mechanisms. The result is complete control of affected systems through administrative access.
Action: Apply the vendor-provided patch per CERT-VDE advisory.
CVE-2025-25734 / 25736 / 25737 – Kapsch TrafficCom Roadside Units
These vulnerabilities collectively affect intelligent transportation systems. Attackers can exploit EFI shell access, weak BIOS passwords, and root shell bypass to fully compromise roadside units, potentially disrupting traffic control infrastructure.
Action: Organizations must apply the firmware updates released by Kapsch.
CVE-2025-0074 / 0075 / 22403 / 22408 – Android Bluetooth Stack
These high-severity flaws affect Android devices and can be exploited over Bluetooth without user interaction. This makes them particularly dangerous for end users, as attackers only need proximity to a vulnerable device.
Action: Apply the March 2025 Android security bulletin patches.
CVE-2025-9523 / 9605 – Tenda Routers
These buffer overflow flaws in Tenda router parental control features allow attackers to execute arbitrary code remotely. Because no vendor patch exists yet, exploitation could remain a long-term risk.
Action: Disable parental controls, segment the router on the network, and monitor for vendor updates.
CVE-2025-49387 – Elementor Forms Add-on (WordPress)
This critical WordPress plugin vulnerability allows arbitrary file uploads, enabling attackers to deploy web shells and compromise entire websites. With a CVSS score of 10.0, it is among the most severe vulnerabilities this month.
Action: Immediately update to version 1.5.4 or later.
CVE-2025-31100 – Mojoomla School Management (WordPress)
This plugin vulnerability permits dangerous file uploads that can result in full server compromise. As it affects school and education management websites, attackers may target sensitive student and administrative data.
Action: Update to version 1.93.1 or later.
Trends and Impact on Organizations
September 2025 highlights a recurring theme: attackers continue to exploit edge devices (Citrix, routers), web applications (WordPress plugins), and mobile platforms (Android). Remote code execution and authentication bypass remain the most common high-risk categories.
Organizations relying on outdated plugins, unpatched appliances, or unmanaged IoT devices are at the greatest risk.
Best Practices for Remediation
- Prioritize Patch Management: Apply vendor patches as soon as they are released.
- Use Vulnerability Scanning Tools: Continuously scan for CVEs across servers, endpoints, and network devices.
- Isolate High-Risk Systems: Segment routers, PBX systems, and IoT devices to reduce attack surface.
- Monitor Exploitation Activity: Follow the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog.
- Harden WordPress Sites: Keep plugins updated, enforce least privilege, and use Web Application Firewalls (WAFs).
Conclusion
The September 2025 vulnerabilities demonstrate the critical importance of timely patching and security monitoring. From enterprise appliances to consumer routers and WordPress plugins, attackers continue to exploit known weaknesses at scale.
Organizations should adopt a proactive approach to vulnerability management by prioritizing remediation, hardening configurations, and monitoring for exploitation attempts. Addressing these CVEs quickly can significantly reduce the risk of data breaches, ransomware, and service disruptions.
